World Down Syndrome Day, 2016
Down syndrome is a condition that occurs naturally as a result of a chromosomal arrangement that has always been a part of the human condition. It exists in all regions across the globe and results in many different kinds of effects on learning styles, physical characteristics or health. The growth and development of an individual with Down Syndrome should be nurtured with appropriate and adequate access to health care, to early intervention programmes and to inclusive education, as well as appropriate research. These are vital for the progress of the individual.
The occurrence of Down Syndrome relates to the chromosomes in the body. Each cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one half inherited from one parent, and the other half, from the other parent. When a person has an extra copy of chromosome 21, which is full or partial, Down Syndrome occurs. Because there is an extra copy, the course of development is altered and the characteristics of Down Syndrome are seen to occur.
When a person has Down Syndrome, physically, they have low muscle tone, small stature, eyes that are upward slanting and one deep crease across the centre of the palm. While these may be considered the generic characteristics, there are unique features to every individual. There are three kinds of Down Syndrome: trisomy , translocation and mosaicism. Mosaicism is the least common type of Down Syndrome.
The causes for Down Syndrome remain unknown, but they say that maternal age remains one of the core factors that increases one’s chances of having a baby with Down Syndrome. They are genetic conditions in that there is a predisposition in favour of its occurrence if it has happened in the family earlier.
According to Down Syndrome International, “Down syndrome affects approximately 1 in 800 live births, although there is considerable variation worldwide. Down syndrome usually causes varying degrees of intellectual and physical disability and associated medical issues.”
Reference:
http://www.un.org/en/events/downsyndromeday/
